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3-Průvodce 3D tiskem: Materiály, typy, aplikace a vlastnosti

3-Průvodce 3D tiskem: Materiály, typy, aplikace a vlastnosti

13-07-2024

SLS 3D Printing

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) 3D printing is trusted by engineers and manufacturers across a variety of industries for its ability to produce strong, functional parts. Low cost, high production rates, and mature materials make the technology ideal for a range of applications from rapid prototyping to manufacturing assistance and low-volume, bridge, or custom manufacturing.

Because the unfused powder supports the part during printing, no specialized support structures are required. This makes SLS ideal for complex geometries, including internal features, undercuts, thin walls, and negative features.

Like SLA, SLS 3D prints are generally isotropic. The surface finish of SLS parts is slightly rough due to the powder particles, but there are few visible layer lines, and SLS 3D prints can be easily post-processed to further improve mechanical properties and appearance.

3d printing

SLS 3D printing materials are ideal for a range of functional applications, from engineering consumer products to manufacturing and healthcare.

Popular SLS 3D Printing Materials

The material selection for SLS is limited compared to FDM and SLA, but the available materials have excellent mechanical characteristics, with strength resembling injection-molded parts. The most common material for selective laser sintering is nylon, a popular engineering thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties. Nylon is lightweight, strong, and flexible, as well as stable against impact, chemicals, heat, UV light, water, and dirt. Other popular SLS 3D printing materials include polypropylene (PP) and the flexible TPU.

MATERIAL	DESCRIPTION	APPLICATIONS
Nylon 12	Strong, stiff, sturdy, and durable Impact-resistant and can endure repeated wear and tear Resistant to UV, light, heat, moisture, solvents, temperature, and water	Functional prototyping End-use parts Medical devices
Nylon 11	Similar properties to Nylon 12, but with a higher elasticity, elongation at break, and impact resistance, but lower stiffness	Functional prototyping End-use parts Medical devices
Nylon composites	Nylon materials reinforced with glass, aluminum, or carbon fiber for added strength and rigidity	Functional prototyping Structural end-use parts
Polypropylene	Ductile and durable Chemically resistant Watertight Weldable	Functional prototyping End-use parts Medical devices
TPU	Flexible, elastic, and rubbery Resilient to deformation High UV stability Great shock absorption	Functional prototyping Flexible, rubber-like end-use parts Medical devices

Compare Plastic 3D Printing Materials and Processes

Different 3D printing materials and plastic 3D printing processes have their own strengths and weaknesses that define their suitability for different applications. The following table provides a high level summary of some key characteristics and considerations.

	FDM	SLA	SLS
Pros	Low-cost consumer machines and materials available	Great value High accuracy Smooth surface finish Range of functional materials	Strong functional parts Design freedom No need for support structures
Cons	Low accuracy Low details Limited design compatibility High cost industrial machines if accuracy and high performance materials are needed	Sensitive to long exposure to UV light	More expensive hardware Limited material options
Applications	Low-cost rapid prototyping Basic proof-of-concept models Select end-use parts with high-end industrial machines and materials	Functional prototyping Patterns, molds, and tooling Dental applications Jewelry prototyping and casting Models and props	Functional prototyping Short-run, bridge, or custom manufacturing
Materials	Standard thermoplastics, such as ABS, PLA, and their various blends on consumer level machines. High performance composites on high cost industrial machines	Varieties of resin (thermosetting plastics). Standard, engineering (ABS-like, PP-like, flexible, heat-resistant), castable, dental, and medical (biocompatible). Pure silicone and ceramic.	Engineering thermoplastics. Nylon 11, nylon 12, glass or carbon-filled nylon composites, polypropylene, TPU (elastomer).

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